BBC’s Day of the Body Clock (BBC News / PNAS / Science / NHS Choices / Lancet / Heart)

Posted on May 13, 2014 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary

Cancer, heart disease, type-2 diabetes, infections and obesity have been linked to insufficient and / or disrupted sleep.

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Gallagher, J. (2014). ‘Arrogance’ of ignoring need for sleep. London: BBC Health News, May 12^th 2014.

Irregular sleep patterns have been linked to higher cancer risk in mice.

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Gallagher, J. (2015). Poor sleeping patterns link to cancer. London: BBC Health News, July 21^st 2015.

This relates to:

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Van Dycke, KC. Rodenburg, W. [and] van Oostrom, CT. [et al] (2015). Chronically alternating light cycles increase breast cancer risk in mice. Current Biology: CB, July 20^th 2015, Vol.25(14), pp.1932-7. (Click here to view the PubMed abstract).

A related appraisal:

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Night shifts ‘linked to increased breast cancer risk’. London: NHS Choices Behind the Headlines, July 21^st 2015.

Chronotherapy

There is said to be growing interest in the science of chronotherapy i.e. the better alignment of medical treatments to circadian rhythms:

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Chronotherapy: the science of timing drugs to our Body Clock. London: BBC Health News, May 13^th 2014.

More on Circadian Rhythms and the Potential for Chronotherapy

An animal study monitoring the levels of cell functioning in 12 tissues through the day discovered changes in activity just before dawn and dusk. This understanding might help with chronotherapy; potentially enabling better timing in the administration of medications to hit sweet-spots in the body clock.

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Body clock: ‘Rush hour’ transformation discovered. London: BBC Health News, October 28^th 2014.

This relates to:

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Zhang, R. Lahens, NF. [and] Ballance, HI. [et al] (2014). A circadian gene expression atlas in mammals: implications for biology and medicine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. October 27^th 2014. [Epub ahead of print].

See also:

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Gallagher, J. Buchanan, R. [and] Gill, V. [et al] (2014). Body clock: what makes you tick? London: BBC Health News, May 2014.

Possibly also of interest:

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Night work ‘throws body into chaos’. London: BBC Health News, January 21^st 2014.

This relates to:

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Archer, SN. Laing, EE. [and] Möller-Levet, CS. [et al] (2014). Mistimed sleep disrupts circadian regulation of the human transcriptome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. February 11^th 2014, 111(6), pp.E682-91. (Click here to view the PubMed abstract).

Type 2 diabetes is more common among shift workers:

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Shift workers ‘face type 2 diabetes risk’. London: BBC Health News, July 25^th 2014.

The link between long working hours and type 2 diabetes tends to be more prevalent among individuals of low socioeconomic status:

Kivimäki, M. Virtanen, M. Kawachi, I. [et al] (2014). Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals. Lancet, Diabetes and Endocrinology. January 2015; 3(1): 27-34. Full Text Link.

The Role of Sleep in Learning / Memory Formation

Researchers at New York University School of Medicine and Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School may have uncovered sleep’s role in the mechanisms of memory.

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Sleep’s memory role discovered. London: BBC Health News, June 6^th 2014.

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Yang, G. Lai, CS. [and] Cichon, J. [et al] (2014). Sleep promotes branch-specific formation of dendritic spines after learning. Science, June 6^th 2014, 344(6188), pp.1173-8. (Click here to view the PubMed abstract).

More circumstantial evidence indicating an association between poor sleep quality, impaired memory formation and possibly the risk of Alzheimer’s Disease is discussed elsewhere.

According to research at Northwestern University, Chicago, it may be possible to reduce levels of unconscious racist or sexist bias by manipulating how the brain learns during sleep.

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Gallagher, J. (2015). Sleep training ‘may reduce racism and sexism’. London: BBC Health News, May 29^th 015.

Possibly also of interest:

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Sleep deprivation may affect memory. London: NHS Choices Behind the Headlines, July 23^rd 2014.

Learning in early life (and just possibly in later life), too, appears to benefit from regular and lengthy naps:

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Gallagher, J. (2015). Regular naps are ‘key to learning’. London: BBC Health News, January 13^th 2015.

This relates to:

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Reference

Seehagen, S. Konrad, C. Herbert, JS. [and] Schneider, S. (2015). Timely sleep facilitates declarative memory consolidation in infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. January 12^th 2015. [Epub ahead of print].

See also:

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Napping ‘key’ to babies’ memory and learning. London: NHS Choices Behind the Headlines, January 13^h 2015.

Napping and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Inconclusive evidence on the relationship between daytime napping and the probability of having a heart attack or stroke.

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Afternoon naps may lower heart attack and stroke risk. London: NHS Digital Behind the Headlines, September 11^th 2019.

This relates to:

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Häusler, N. Haba-Rubio, J. [and] Heinzer, R. [et al] (2019). Association of napping with incident cardiovascular events in a prospective cohort study. Heart. September 9^th 2019. [Epub ahead of print].

Editorial commentary:

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Leng, Y. [and] Yaffe, K. (2019). To nap or not to nap: more questions than answers. Heart. September 9^th 2019. [Epub ahead of print].

Official Statistics (HSCIC)

People working shifts (in England) tend to have higher rates of obesity and long-term health problems than the general population (i.e. those working normal hours), according to HSCIC Health Survey for England statistics on shift work:

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Gallagher, J. (2014). Shift workers ‘sicker and fatter’. London: BBC Health News, December 15^th 2014.

An appraisal, and some practical advice, from NHS Choices:

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Shift workers more likely to report poor health. London: NHS Choices; Behind the Headlines, December 18^th 2014.

Blue Light and Electronic Entertainment

Research at Harvard Medical School has shown that blue light, the wavelength commonly used by smartphones, tablets and LED lighting, is able to disrupt the body clock. Blue light in the evening / bed-time is able to reduce or prevent the production of the sleep hormone melatonin. It can take longer to get to sleep using an e-reader than a paper book, resulting in poorer quality sleep and more tiredness the following morning.

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Gallagher, J. (2014). E-readers ‘damage sleep and health,’ doctors warn. London: BBC Health News, December 23^rd 2014.

This relates to:

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Chang, AM. Aeschbach, D. [and] Duffy, JF. [et al] (2014). Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). December 22^nd 2014. [Epub ahead of print].

More recently:

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Gallagher, J. (2015). Phones need ‘bed mode’ to protect sleep. London: BBC Health News, November 15^th 2015.

This relates to:

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Gringras, P. Middleton, B. [and] Skene, DJ. (2015). Bigger, brighter, bluer-better? current light-emitting devices – adverse sleep properties and preventative strategies. Frontiers in Public Health. October 13^th 2015, Vol.3, pp.233. (Click here to view the PubMed abstract).

Possibly of interest, the Royal Society for Public Health in 2018 launched the “Scroll Free September” campaign.

Sleep Deprivation / Sleep Cycles / Purpose of Sleep

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Reference

Who, what, why: Is surviving on 20-minute naps bad for you?. London: BBC Health News / BBC NewsMagazine, May 13^th 2015.

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Ghosh, P. (2015). Why do we sleep? London: BBC Health News / BBC NewsMagazine, May 15^th 2015.

Sporting Ability

The body clock has an impact of up to 26% on sporting ability:

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Gallagher, J. (2015). Bedtime ‘has huge impact on sport’. London: BBC Health News, January 30^th 2015.

This relates to:

Full Text Link (Note: This article requires a suitable Athens password, a journal subscription or payment for access).

Reference

Facer-Childs, E. [and] Brandstaetter, R. (2015). The impact of circadian phenotype and time since awakening on diurnal performance in athletes. Current Biology. January 29^th 2015. [Epub ahead of print].

Susceptibility to Common Colds?

Shorter sleep duration / sleep deprivation appears to be associated with increased susceptibility to the common cold:

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Reference

Does lack of sleep make you susceptible to common cold?. London: NHS Choices Behind the Headlines, September 1^st 2015.

This relates to:

Full Text Link (Note: This article requires a suitable Athens password, a journal subscription or payment for access).

Reference

Prather, AA. Janicki-Deverts, D. [and] Hall, MH. [et al] (2015). Behaviorally assessed sleep and susceptibility to the common cold. Sleep, September 2015; 38(9): pp.1353-9. (Click here to view the PubMed abstract).

Coffee and the Body Clock

Caffeine delays the human circadian clock and modifies cellular timekeeping via an adenosine receptor-dependent mechanism. Drinking the equivalent of a double espresso three hours before sleep can “turn back” the body clock by about one hour. This may have implications for various sleep conditions.

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A coffee in the evening turns the body clock back by around an hour. London: Medical Research Council (MRC), September 16^th 2015.

See also:

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Reference

Gallagher, J. (2015). Coffee has secret trick to stop sleep. London: BBC Health News, September 17^th 2015.

Circannual Rhythm (Body Calendar)

On the annual clock, known as the circannual rhythm:

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Reference

Gallagher, J. (2015). Body’s ‘chemical calendar’ discovered. London: BBC Health News, September 25^th 2015.

Global Sleep Patterns

Global sleeping patterns are being investigated using data harvested by the Entrain app:

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Reference

Gallagher, J. (2016). Global sleeping patterns revealed by app data. London: BBC Health News, May 7^th 2016.

This relates to:

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Walch, OJ. Cochran, A. [and] Forger, DB. (2016). A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data. Science Advances. May 6^th 2016, 2016; 2 : e1501705.

The Economic Costs of Sleep Deprivation

A report by Rand Europe estimates a loss equivalent to 1.86% of economic growth:

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Reference

Hope, K. (2016). Sleep deprivation ‘costs UK £40bn a year’. London: BBC Health News / BBC Business News, November 30^th 2016.

Adverse Effects in Heart Surgery Depend on Circadian Rhythm?

Open heart surgery may be safer in the afternoon, apparently because the heart is stronger / better able to withstand surgery in the afternoon than in the morning:

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Gallagher, J. (2017). Heart surgery survival chances ‘better in the afternoon’. London: BBC Health News, October 27^th 2017.

This relates to:

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Montaigne, D. Marechal, X. [and] Modine, T. [et al] (2017). Daytime variation of perioperative myocardial injury in cardiac surgery and its prevention by Rev-Erbα antagonism: a single-centre propensity-matched cohort study and a randomised study. Lancet. October 26^th 2017. [Epub ahead of print].

Possibly of also of interest:

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Afternoon open heart surgery ‘leads to fewer complications’, study reports. London: NHS Choices; Behind the Headlines, October 27^th 2017.

Heart Disease Risk Increased By Night-Time Eating?

Animal research on the impact of circadian rhythm upon the management of blood triglyceride levels:

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Reference

Night-time eating linked to heart disease. London: NHS Choices; Behind the Headlines, November 8^th 2017.

Speed of Wound Healing?

Wounds appear to heal more quickly after occurring during the day (17 days) rather than at night (28 days).

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Reference

Gallagher, J. (2017). Daytime wounds ‘heal more quickly’. London: BBC Health News, November 9^th 2017.

See also:

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Daytime wounds may heal faster. London: NHS Choices; Behind the Headlines, November 9^th 2017.

Lunar Influences on Sleep?

Possible influence of the moon?

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Wright, K. (2018). Can a full Moon really affect your sleep? London: BBC Health News, May 1^st 2018.

Association Between Chronotype, Morbidity And Mortality

Late-nighters (“night-owls”) may be more likely to suffer poor mental and physical health (and die sooner).

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Therrien, A (2018). Should we sleep and wake early to boost our health? London: BBC Health News, May 13^th 2018.

This relates to:

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Knutson, KL. [and] von Schantz, M. (2018). Associations between chronotype, morbidity and mortality in the UK Biobank cohort. Chronobiology International: the Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research. April 11th 2018: 1-9. [Epub ahead of print].

Rules of Thumb for Better Sleep

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Therrien, A (2018). Sleep tips: six ways to boost the chances of a good night’s rest. London: BBC Health News, May 16^th 2018.

Disruptions to Body Clock Associated With Mood Disorders?

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Reference

Gallagher, J. (2018). Body clock linked to mood disorders. London: BBC Health News, May 16^th 2018.

This relates to:

Full Text Link (Note: This article requires a suitable Athens password, a journal subscription or payment for access).

Reference

Lyall, LM. Wyse, CA. [and] Graham, N. [et al] (2018). Association of disrupted circadian rhythmicity with mood disorders, subjective wellbeing, and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study of 91,105 participants from the UK Biobank. Lancet Psychiatry. May 15^th 2018. [Epub ahead of print].

See also, the NHS Choices Behind the Headlines coverage of this research:

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Body clock disruptions linked to mood disorders. London: NHS Choices, Behind the Headlines, May 16^th 2018.

Insights From ChronoNutrition

The discipline of chrono-nutrition tends to confirm an old adage:

“Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dine like a pauper”.

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Reference

Therrien, A (2018). Are we eating at the wrong time for our body clocks? London: BBC Health News, May 20^th 2018.

BBC Reality Check

Myth-buster (festive and light-hearted) on short-term sleep disruption:

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Reference

Schraer, R. (2018). Reality Check: Do you sleep worse at Christmas? London: BBC Health News / BBC Reality Check Team, December 25^th 2018.

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Dementia and Elderly Care News. Wolverhampton Medical Institute: WMI. (jh)

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This entry was posted in Animal Studies, BBC News, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), In the News, International, NHS Digital (Previously NHS Choices), Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest and tagged Addenbrookes Hospital, Adverse Effects in Heart Surgery and Circadian Rhythm, Adverse Events in Open Heart Surgery and Circadian Rhythm, Afternoon Naps, Appropriate Timing of Sleep, Bad Health Among Shift Workers, Bazian, BBC Health News, BBC Reality Check Team, BBC Reality Check: Short-Term Sleep Disruption, BBC’s Day of the Body Clock, Behaviorally Assessed Sleep and Susceptibility to Common Colds, Behind the Headlines, Best Time to Take Medications (Body Clock), Blood Triglyceride Levels, Blue Light, Body Clock, Breast Cancer, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital: Boston, Caffeine and the Body Clock, Caffeine and the Human Circadian Clock, Caffeine Intake, Center for Biomedical Genetics: Erasmus University Medical Center, Centre for Health Protection: Erasmus University Medical Center, Centre for Investigation and Research in Sleep (CIRS): University Hospital of Lausanne, China, Chronic Circadian Rhythm Disturbance (CCRD), Chrono Nutrition, Chronobiology International, ChronoCity Project (Germany), ChronoNutrition, Chronotherapy, Chronotypes, Chronotypes: Morbidity And Mortality, Circadian Factors, Circadian Gene Expression Atlas in Mammals, Circadian Genes, Circadian Phenotype, Circadian Regulation of Human Transcriptome, Circadian Rhythms, Circannual Rhythm (Body Calendar), College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences: University of Glasgow, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (Mexico), Current Biology, Day of the Body Clock (BBC), Daytime Napping and Risk of Heart Attack or Stroke, Department of Children's Sleep Medicine: Evelina London Children's Sleep Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics: University of Michigan, Department of Genetics: Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Human Genetics: Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Mathematics: University of Michigan, Department of Medicine (Solna): Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine: University Hospital of Lausanne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Department of Psychiatry Neurology and Epidemiology: University of California (San Francisco), Department of Psychiatry: University of California (San Francisco), Department of Psychology: University of Sheffield, Departments of Medicine and Neurology: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Desynchrony of Sleep, Desynchrony of Sleep-Wake Timing, Direccion General de Asuntos del Personal Academico (Mexico), Disrupted Circadian Rhythmicity and Cognitive Function, Disrupted Circadian Rhythmicity and Mood Disorders, Disrupted Circadian Rhythmicity and Subjective Wellbeing, Disruptions to Body Clock Associated With Mood Disorders, Diurnal Performance in Athletes, 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