Tag Archives: Length of Stay (LoS)

More on the NHS Long Term Plan (DHSC / NHS England / BBC News / NAO / King’s Fund)

Posted on January 9, 2019 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary The NHS Long Term Plan was released earlier this week. The plan is backed by the commitment of an extra £20.5 billion funding for the NHS per year. “The 10-year plan includes measures to prevent 150,000 heart attacks, strokes … Continue reading →

Improving Patient Care by Reducing Length of Hospital Stay (NHS Improvement / NHS England)

Posted on June 14, 2018 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary The NHS, with the cooperation of local authorities, plans to reduce unnecessarily long stays in hospital for patients by a quarter. The aim is to free-up over 4,000 beds in readiness for anticipated Winter pressures on hospitals. Currently, around … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Integrated Care, Management of Condition, Models of Dementia Care, National, NHS, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Practical Advice, Quick Insights, Standards, Statistics, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 6As for Managing Emergency Admissions, Ambulatory Emergency Care, Ambulatory Emergency Care (AEC), Ambulatory Emergency Care (Improving Patient Flow in Urgent and Emergency Care), Better Use of Care at Home, Breaking the Cycle SAFER Patient Flow Bundle, Care Closer to Home, Clinical Criteria for Discharge, Clinical Criteria for Discharge (CCD), Criteria Led Discharge, Daily Transfers of Care (DTOC), Deconditioning, Delayed Transfers of Care, Delayed Transfers of Care (DETOCs), Discharge, Discharge at a Reasonable Time, Discharge Coordination, Discharge Coordinators, Discharge From General Inpatient Hospital Settings, Discharge Into the Care Sector, Discharge Planning, Discharge Support, Discharge to Assess (D2A) Model, Emergency Day Care, Emergency Medicine and Urgent Care, Expected Date of Discharge, Expected Date of Discharge (EDD), Foci for Maximum Impact in Reducing Length of Stay, Guide to Reducing Long Hospital Stays: NHS Improvement, Health and Social Care Integration, Health and Social Care Multiagency Peer Reviews, Hospital-Associated Functional Decline: Role of Hospitalisation Processes, Ian Dalton: Chief Executive of NHS Improvement, Improving Hospital Discharge Into Care Sector, Improving Patient Care, Integrated Care Pathway for Frailty, Integrated Multi-Agency Care, Length of Stay (LoS), Local Multiagency Dementia Partnerships, Long-Stay Patient Reviews, Long-Stay Patients, Multi-Agency Collaboration, Multi-Agency Integration, Multi-Agency Working, Multi-Disciplinary and Multi-Agency Working, Multiagency Discharge Event (MADE), Multiagency Teams, New Front Door to Urgent and Emergency Care Services, NHS Confederation Conference (2018), NHS Improvement, Patient Administration System (PAS), Patient Deconditioning Effect Related to Hospital Bed Rest (aka Pyjama Paralysis / PJ Paralysis), Patient Harms, Patient Harms and Harm Free Care, Patient Safety, PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act) Cycles, Plan Do Study and Act (PDSA), Pyjama Paralysis, Quality Improvement, Rachel Power: Chief Executive of Patients Association, Red2Green Days, Reducing Hospital Length of Stay, Reducing Inappropriate Accident and Emergency Department Attendances, Reducing Length of Hospital Stay, Reducing Unnecessary Admissions, Reducing Unscheduled Admissions, Reducing Waste in Dementia Care, Reducing Waste in the NHS, SAFER Patient Flow Bundle, SAFER Patient Flow Bundle and Red2Green Days (Improving Patient Flow in Urgent and Emergency Care), Sally Copley: Director of Policy and Campaigns at Alzheimer’s Society, Supporting Patients’ Choices To Avoid Long Hospital Stays, Why Not Home: Why Not Today (reducingdtoc.com) | Leave a comment

NHS Operational Productivity: GIRFT Meets Mental Health and Community Health Services (Lord Carter / DHSC)

Posted on June 3, 2018 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Lord Carter’s latest report in the NHS Operational Productivity series shifts the attention to unwarranted variations in mental health and community health services. Potential savings of around £1 billion in efficiencies could be made by 2020/21, allegedly, if the … Continue reading →

Physical Exercise (For Example Cycling) May Boost the Immune System (BBC News / Aging Cell / NHS England)

Posted on March 11, 2018 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Research indicates that physical activity improves the effectiveness of the body’s immune system, even in the elderly. “Being sedentary goes against evolution because humans are designed to be physically active”. Steve Harridge, King’s College London. Full Text Link Reference … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, BBC News, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Management of Condition, NHS England, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Practical Advice, Quick Insights, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 70-Day Challenge (NHS 70th Birthday), Active Lifestyle, Adults’ Health and Lifestyle, Aging Cell (Journal), Audax: Long-Distance Cycling Organisation, BBC Health News, Behavioural Risk Factors, Birmingham, Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences: King's College London, Cycling, Environmental and Lifestyle Factors, Healthy Lifestyles, immune Senescence, Immune System, Immunesenescence, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing: University of Birmingham, Jane Cummings: Chief Nursing Officer for England, Kings College London, Length of Stay (LoS), Lifestyle Factors, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Medical Research Council (MRC), Modifiable Risk Factors, MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research: University of Birmingham, Neuroprotective Lifestyles, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Inflammation: University Hospital Birmingham, Patient Deconditioning Effect Related to Hospital Bed Rest (aka Pyjama Paralysis / PJ Paralysis), Physical Activity, Physical Activity and Health Benefits, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Pyjama Paralysis, Reducing Hospital Length of Stay, Regular Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Sedentary Lifestyles, Thymic Output, Thymus, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, University of Birmingham, Walking and Cycling | Leave a comment

Helping Hospital Patients Stay Active and a Winter Framework For Speedier Discharge (NHS England / BMJ / BJN / NIHR Signal / JAN)

Posted on December 29, 2017 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Jane Cummings, the Chief Nursing Officer for NHS England has written about a Winter Framework designed to reduce delayed discharges by maximising the use of care homes across each Sustainability and Transformation Partnership (STP). Therapy-led units, too, will be … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Local Interest, Management of Condition, National, NHS, NHS England, NICE Guidelines, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Physiotherapy, Quick Insights, Standards, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 2018 Chief Nursing Officer Summit, 70-Day National Challenge: End Pyjama (PJ) Paralysis, Accountable Care Organisations, Accountable Care Organisations (ACOs), Accountable Care Systems, Accountable Care Systems (ACSs), Acute Care, Acute Hospitals, Adults With Social Care Needs, Ageing Population, Assessment Before Discharge, Barriers and Challenges in Discharge Planning, BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 4's Inside Health Programme, Birmingham Council, Birmingham Cross City Birmingham South Central and Solihull (Proposed Transforming Care Partnership), Birmingham Cross City CCG, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, British Journal of Nursing, British Medical Journal (BMJ), Care Home Digital Tools, Care Homes and Therapy-Led Units for Patients Medically Fit for Discharge, Care Transitions, Care Transitions Involving Adults With Social Care Needs, Care Transitions of Older People, Chief Nursing Officer's Summit (2018), CNO Summit (2018), Collaboration, Collaborative Care, Collaborative Care Planning, Colombia, Colombia Department of Science Technology and Innovation (COLCIENCIAS), Community Health Services Ease Winter Pressures on Hospitals, Criteria Led Discharge, Daily Transfers of Care (DTOC), Deconditioning, Deconditioning in Hospital, Delayed Transfers of Care, Delayed Transfers of Care (DETOCs), Destination on Discharge, Discharge, Discharge at a Reasonable Time, Discharge Coordination, Discharge Coordinators, Discharge From General Inpatient Hospital Settings, Discharge Into the Care Sector, Discharge Planning, Discharge Support, Discharge to Assess (D2A) Model, Early Mobilisation, Early Mobilisation in Hospitals, Early Patient Mobilisation, Eat Drink Move, End Pyjama (PJ) Paralysis, Excessive Bed Rest (Patient Harm), Frailty Care on Surgical Ward: Lavenham Ward at Ipswich Hospital, Frailty Care on Surgical Wards, Framework for Maximising Use of Care Homes for Patients Medically Fit for Discharge, Framework for Maximising Use of Therapy-Led Units for Patients Medically Fit for Discharge, Framework to Support Winter Pressures (2017-18), Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología (Bogotá Colombia), Get Up and Dressed, Get Up For Breakfast, Harms of Bed Rest, Health Care of Older People (HCOP) Specialty: Nottingham University NHS Trust, Hospital Discharge, Hospital-Associated Deconditioning, Hospital-Associated Functional Decline: Role of Hospitalisation Processes, Hospital-Related Deconditioning, Hospital-Related Deconditioning: Cognitive, Hospital-Related Deconditioning: Physical, Hospital-Related Deconditioning: Psychological, Hospital-Related Deconditioning: Social, Implementation of Care Home Digital Tools, In-Hospital Mobilisation, In-Reach Teams, Initiatives to Decrease DTOCs, Integrated Discharge Process, Integration of Health and Social Care, Integration of Health and Social Care for Older People, Integration of Primary Secondary and Community Care, Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Ipswich Hospital User Group (IHUG), Jane Cummings: Chair of the Transforming Care Delivery Board, Jane Cummings: Chief Nursing Officer for England, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Last 1000 Days, Lavenham Ward Reablement Project (Ipswich Hospital), Lavenham Ward: Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust, Length of Stay (LoS), Local Monitoring to Identify Care Homes at Risk of Closure, Local Sustainability and Transformation Plans (STPs), Local UEC Delivery Boards, Managing Transitions, MDTs: Multidisciplinary Teams, Medically Fit for Discharge Ward (MFFD), Mobility Bundle, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Signal, NHS East of England 100 Day 100000 Patient Days Campaign, NHS Improvement, NHS South Warwickshire CCG, NIHR Signal, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nursing Department of Clínica FOSCAL (Bucaramanga Colombia), Nursing Department of Clínica: Palermo-Congregación de las Hermanas de la Caridad Dominicas de la Presentación de la Santísima Virgen, Operating Model for Therapy-Led Units (TLUs), Operational Models to Optimise Care of Patients Who are Medically Fit for Discharge (MFFD), Oxford Institute of Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Palermo-Congregación de las Hermanas de la Caridad Dominicas de la Presentación de la Santísima Virgen (Bogotá Colombia), Patient Deconditioning Effect Related to Hospital Bed Rest (aka Pyjama Paralysis / PJ Paralysis), Patient Discharge, Patient Flows, PJ Paralysis, Post-Discharge Support, Proactive Specialist In-Reach, Professor Brian Dolan: Founder of Time-Valuing Movements, Professor Brian Dolan: Oxford Institute of Nursing Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Pyjama Paralysis, Pyjama Paralysis on Hospital Wards, Re-ablement Services, Reablement, Reablement Guidance, Reablement Services, Real Time System Surveillance, Real Time System Surveillance Enabling Technology, Real Time System Surveillance Tools, Recovery Rehabilitation and Reablement (RRR), Recovery Rehabilitation and Reablement Services, Red2Green, Reducing Bed Days, Reducing Delayed Transfers of Care, Reducing Early Hospital Readmissions, Reducing Waste in the NHS, Research Department and Nursing Department: Fundación Cardioinfantil - Instituto de Cardiología (Bogotá), SAFER Patient Flow Bundle, South Warwickshire Foundation Trust: Castle Brook Transitional Unit, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust (SWFT), South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust: Wasps Team, Stranded Patient Metric, Surgical Wards: Frailty Care, Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships, Sustainability and Transformation Plans (STPs), The Last 1000 Days: Poem / Video by Molly Case - Commissioned by Professor Jane Cummings, Therapy-Led Units, Therapy-Led Units for Patients Medically Fit for Discharge, Time-Valuing Movements: #endPJparalysis, Time-Valuing Movements: #last1000days, TLUs: Therapy-Led Units, Transition Between Inpatient Hospital Settings and Community or Care Home Settings, Transition Planning, Transitions, Transitions Between Health and Social Care, Warwick Hospital, Whole Winter Framework, Winter Framework, Winter Pressures, Winter Pressures: Role of Community Health Services, Winter Support Package (2017), Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust (Evergreen Ward), Yeovil District Hospital: Intermediate Care in Cookson’s Court Nursing Home | Leave a comment

National Audit of Intermediate Care 2017 (NAIC)

Posted on November 30, 2017 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary The National Audit of Intermediate Care (NAIC)’s latest annual report attempts to provide comprehensive data on intermediate care services. It supplies a refreshed audit of intermediate care services delivering care and support to “older people living with complex conditions; … Continue reading →

Posted in Charitable Bodies, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Integrated Care, Management of Condition, Mental Health, National, NHS, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Patient Care Pathway, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Physiotherapy, Quick Insights, RCN, Royal College of Physicians, Standards, Statistics, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Accessibility of Intermediate Care, Ageing Population, AGILE, AGILE: Professional Network of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Alternatives to Hospital Admission, Alternatives to Hospital Care, Association of Directors of Adult Social Services (ADASS), Bed Based Intermediate Care, Bed Based Intermediate Care Services: Workforce, Bed Based Services, Bed Occupancy, Bed-Based Intermediate Care Services, Bed/Home and Step Up/Down Provision, Benchmarking, BGS, British Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society (BGS), Care Integration, Challenging Behaviour, Challenging Behaviour in Dementia, Claire Holditch: Programme Director of NHS Benchmarking Network, Cognitive Impairment, College of Occupational Therapists, College of Occupational Therapists Specialist Section for Older People (COTSS-OP), Community Care Services, Community Hospitals, Community-Based Interventions, Community-Based Rehabilitation Services, Community-Based Services, Community-Based Support, COTSS-OP: College of Occupational Therapists Specialist Section for Older People, Crisis Home Treatment, Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Team (CRHT), Crisis Response, Crisis Response Services, Crisis Support, David Bramley: Deputy Head and Programme Lead for Long-Term Conditions Older People and End of Life Care Team Medical Directorate at NHS England, Dawne Garrett: Older People and Dementia Care at Royal College of Nursing, Delayed Discharges, Delayed Transfers of Care, Demand for Intermediate Care, Demographics and Processes, Dependency Levels, Destination on Discharge, Discharge Destination, Discharge of Hospital Patients With Care and Support Needs, Discharge Planning, Dr Dawn Moody: Associate National Clinical Director for Older People (NHS England), Dr Martin Vernon: National Clinical Director for Older People and Integrated Care, Elderly Rehabilitation Services, Finance, Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT), Home Based Intermediate Care, Home Based Services, Hospital Discharge, Integrated and Community-Based Care, Integration, Intermediate Care, Intermediate Care Beds, Intermediate Care Capacity, Intermediate Care Geriatrician, Intermediate Care Teams, Intermediate Care: Commissioner Spend, Iola Shaw: Long Term Conditions Older People and EOLC Medical Directorate at NHS England, Later Life, Length of Stay, Length of Stay (LoS), Local Strategic Planning, Mental Health Provision in Intermediate Care Services, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Multi-Agency Integration, Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT), NAIC 2017, NAIC Steering Group, National Audit of Intermediate Care, National Audit of Intermediate Care (2017), National Audit of Intermediate Care: NAIC 2017, NHS Benchmarking, NHS Benchmarking Network, NHS RightCare, Occupational Therapists, Older People’s Specialists’ Forum, Partnership Working, Patient Flows, Patient Reported Experience Measure (PREM), RCP: Royal College of Physicians, Re-ablement Services, Re-admission Avoidance Scheme (RAS), Reablement, Reablement Services, Readmissions for Patients with Long Term Conditions, Recovery Rehabilitation and Reablement Services, Reference Costs, Referrals, Rehabilitation Services, Royal College of Nursing (RCN), Royal College of Physicians (RCP), Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists (RCSLT), Services Maximising Independence, Services Reducing Use of Hospitals, Skills / Disciplines Mix, Staffing Levels, Staffing Levels and Skill Mix, Step Down, Step Up, Strategic Planning, Strategic Planning and Commissioning, Sunderland Community Scheme, Therapy Outcome Measure (TOMS), Trans-Disciplinary Roles, Variation in Commissioning, Vulnerable Adults, Whole System Impact, Whole System Patient Flows, Workforce | Leave a comment

Financial Sustainability in the NHS: Holding Up a Mirror? Reflection (BBC News / NHS Improvement / NHS England / BMJ / OECD / BJS)

Posted on August 6, 2017 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary The authors of the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) report believe that the NHS may not actually need further money from the taxpayer, asserting that efficiency savings identified (in the field of general surgery alone, and without looking … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, BBC News, Commissioning, Community Care, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), In the News, International, Mental Health, National, NHS, NHS England, Quick Insights, Standards, Statistics, UK, Universal Interest, World Health Organization (WHO) | Tagged American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP), Anatomy of the Model Hospital, £22 Billion Efficiency Savings by 2020-21, BBC Health News, Bedford Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSK) Referral Management Centre, Bedford Referral Management Centre (RMC), Better Together Vanguard, Birmingham and Solihull United Maternity and Newborn Pathway (BUMP) Early Adopter, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, British Journal of Surgery, British Medical Journal (BMJ), BUMP: Birmingham and Solihull United Maternity and Newborn Pathway, Chris Hopson: Chief Executive of NHS Providers, Closing the Finance and Efficiency Gap, Closing the Funding and Efficiency Gap, Consumer Experiences of Health and Social Care, Continuous Learning Culture, Cumbria CCG’s Pain Management Service, Delayed Transfers of Care (DTOC), Diabetes and Obesity, Durham and Darlington Children’s and Young Person’s Mental Health Services Crisis and Liaison team (CYPMHS), Duty of Best Value, East and North Hertfordshire CCG Vanguard, Economic Sustainability, Efficiency and Effectiveness, Efficiency Frontiers, Efficiency Opportunities, Efficiency Savings, End-User Experience, Enhanced Health in Care Homes, Estates and Technology Transformation Fund, Exemplar Clinical Pathways, Failing Services (NHS and Social Care), Financial Constraints, Financial Context, Financial Difficulties, Financial Issues, Financial Management, Financial Performance, Financial Planning, Financial Pressure in the NHS, Financial Pressures, Financial Resilience, Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Financial Sustainability of NHS Bodies, Financing of Health Care, Future Financial Sustainability, Future of NHS and Social Care, Fylde Coast Local Health Economy, General Surgery: GIRFT Programme National Specialty Report (August 2017), Geographical Variations, Getting it Right First Time, Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT), GIRFT and Other Improvement Initiatives, GIRFT Programme, GIRFT Programme National Specialty Report (August 2017), Global Health and Development Group: Imperial College London, Governance-Related Waste: Abuse, Governance-Related Waste: Administration Costs, Governance-Related Waste: Corruption, Governance-Related Waste: Fraud, Governance-Related Waste: Integrity Violations, Governance-Related Waste: Managerial Self-Interest, Governance-Related Waste: Managerial Spin and Self-Deception, Governance-Related Waste: Self-Regulation vs. Integrity Violations, Health and Social Care, Health and Social Care Costs, Health and Social Care Integration, Health and Social Care Services, Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP), Healthy New Towns, Imperial College London, Improvement Initiatives, Inappropriate Use of Antimicrobials, Institute of Global Health Innovation: Imperial College London, Integrated Personal Commissioning (IPC), Integrated Personal Commissioning (IPC) Programme, John Abercrombie: GIRFT Clinical Lead for General Surgery, Learning Culture, Learning from Data, Learning From Peers, Length of Stay (LoS), Local Health Services: Variations, Local Variations, Low-Value General Surgical Procedures, Mental Health and Dementia, Model Hospital: Template for Standardisation, National Innovation Accelerator, NHS and Social Care Spending, NHS Efficiency Challenge, NHS Efficiency Savings, NHS England (Formerly the NHS Commissioning Board), NHS England Annual Report and Accounts (2016/17), NHS Funding, NHS Funding Gap, NHS Improvement, NHS North Kirklees CCG, NHS Providers, NHS Stockport CCG, NHS Sustainability, NHS Waltham Forest CCG, NHSI: NHS Improvement, North East London Choice and Personalisation Pioneer, Operational Productivity and Performance (Carter Report), Operational Waste: Hospital Care, Operational Waste: Pharmaceuticals, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment, Overtreatment (Speculative Concept), Patient Experiences, Patients Waiting More Than Four Hours For Hospital Beds (Trolley Waits), Paul Baumann: Chief Financial Officer at NHS England, Personalised Medicine, Potential NHS Provider Productivity improvements, PPIB: Purchasing Price Index Benchmark and Benchmark Tool, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Productivity, Professor Sir Malcolm Grant, Professor Tim Briggs: GIRFT Programme Chair, Professor Tim Briggs: National Director for Clinical Quality and Efficiency at NHS Improvement, Public Opinion, pwc, Quality and Sustainability, Reducing Delayed Transfers of Care, Reducing Waste in the NHS, Renal e-clinics in Tower Hamlets, Right First Time, Road to Recovery: Delivering Financial Sustainability in NHS (PwC), Royal College of Surgeons (RCS), Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCSENG), Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Science and Innovation, Simon Stevens: Chief Executive of NHS England, Sir Malcolm Grant: Chair of NHS England, Sustainability, Sustainable Care, Sustainable Funding, Sustainable Health and Care Services, Tackling Barriers to Innovation, Tackling Variation, Thinking Like a Patient and Acting Like a Taxpayer, Tower Hamlets Together, Transformational Commissioning, Transformational Technologies, Transparency, Unacceptable Variations, Unwarranted Variations, Upward Spending Pressures, Urgent Response Assess at Home Pathway, Variation in General Surgery, Variations in Care, Variations in Procurement, Variations in Quality of Care, Variations in Spending, Wasted Resources, Wasteful Clinical Care, Winter Pressures Beyond Winter (Winter Re-Defined?), World Health Organisation (WHO) | Leave a comment

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