Tag Archives: Lifestyle Intervention Programmes

Chief Medical Officer’s Report: Health 2040 – Better Health Within Reach (DHSC / BBC News)

Posted on December 29, 2018 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary The latest annual report from Professor Dame Sally Davies, the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) for England expects a health revolution (sic), with a more prominent re-positioning of healthier lifestyles in society, by 2040: “The environment we live in must … Continue reading →

Posted in Assistive Technology, BBC News, Commissioning, Community Care, Department of Health, Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Management of Condition, Mental Health, National, NHS, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Personalisation, Public Health England, Quick Insights, Standards, Statistics, Systematic Reviews, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Annual Report of Chief Medical Officer 2018: Better Health Within Reach (Health 2040), Ban of Snacking on Public Transport (Proposal), Barriers and Facilitators in Lifestyle Change, BBC Health News, Burden of Multimorbidity, Change4Life, Change4Life National Consumer Campaign on Sugar Reduction, Chief Medical Officer, Chief Medical Officer (CMO) Annual Report: Health 2040, Chief Medical Officer: Professor Dame Sally Davies, Childhood Obesity, Children and Young People’s Wellbeing - State of the Nation Report (Department for Education 2019), Demographic Changes, Demographics, Demography, Department of Health and Social Care (Formerly the Department of Health), Emerging Technology, Encouraging Healthy Behaviour, Environmental and Lifestyle Factors, European Comparisons, Fiscal Levers: Sugar Tax, GBD Forecasting Framework, Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Global Health, Global Health Investment, Health 2040 - Better Health Within Reach: Annual Report of Chief Medical Officer (2018), Health Inequalities, Health Inequalities in England, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Lifestyles, Institute for Public Policy Research (ippr), International Comparisons, Leading Causes of Years of Life Lost in 2016 and 2040, Leading Causes of YLLs in 2016 and 2040: United Kingdom, Leeds, Life Expectancy, Life Expectancy 1990 to 2040 in UK and 8 Comparison Countries, Lifestyle Advice, Lifestyle Change Interventions, Lifestyle Change Programmes, Lifestyle Factors, Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Local Health Environments, Machine Learning for Individualised Medicine, Making Sense of Uncertainty, Mental Disorder and Inequalities, Mental Health Inequalities, Multimorbidities, Multimorbidities and Long-Term Conditions, Neuroprotective Lifestyles, Normalisation, Normalisation Process Theory, Personalised Medicine, Personalised Medicine: Improving Outcomes, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Professor Dame Sally Davies: the Chief Medical Officer (CMO) for England, Public Health, Public Health England (PHE), Public Mental Health Priorities, Public Understanding of Health Inequalities, Reducing Health Inequalities, Risk Attributable YLLs, Social Determinants of Health Inequalities, Social Health, Social Health and Communities, Social Isolation and Loneliness, State of the Nation 2019: Children and Young People’s Wellbeing (Department for Education 2019), Structural View of Health Inequalities, Sugar Consumption, Sugar Tax, Uncertainty, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, Vascular and Lifestyle Factors, Years of Life Lost (YLLs), YLLs Attributed to Risk Factors in 2016 and 2040 | Leave a comment

Unhealthy Lifestyles In Middle-Aged Adults (BBC News / PHE / NHS Digital / Neurology)

Posted on December 30, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary A Public Health England (PHE) report indicates that middle-aged people in England are increasingly likely to experience health problems such as diabetes and dementia in later life as a result of their unhealthy lifestyles today. Data from the latest … Continue reading →

Posted in BBC News, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, National, Public Health England, Quick Insights, Statistics, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Alcohol, Alcohol and Drug Consumption, Alcohol Misuse, Barriers and Facilitators in Lifestyle Changes (Agewell Trial), Behaviour Change Opportunities, Behavioural Risk Factors, Behavioural Risk Factors and Dementia, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University School of Public Health, Brain Volume, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Institute of Public Health: University of Cambridge, Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Cognitive Impairment (Potential Risk Factors), Culture and Behaviour Change, Dementia Risk Factors, Dementia Risk Prevention, Dementia Risk Reduction, Dementia Risk Reduction and Prevention, Department of Neurology and Center for NeuroscienceL University of California, Department of Neurology: Boston University School of Medicine, Determinants of Health, Diabetes Epidemic, Diet, Diet and Dementia, Diet and Exercise, Dietary Interventions, Dietary Recommendations, Dietary Risk Factors, Diseases and Medical Conditions Associated With Dementia Risk, Education and Awareness, Encouraging Healthy Behaviour, Environmental Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Statistics, Framingham Heart Study, Harvard Medical School; Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Health Determinants, Health Improvement, Health Inequalities, Health Policy, Health Survey for England, Health Survey for England (HSE), Health Wellbeing and Independence, Health-Creating Society, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Behaviours Evidence, Healthy Communities, Healthy Eating, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Improving Local Public Health, Improving Public Health, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Massachusetts General Hospital, Modifiable Risk Factors, Neurology (Journal), NHS Digital, NHS Digital (Formerly the Health and Social Care Information Centre), Nicotine Replacement Therapy, Obesity is the New Smoking, Overlapping Risk Factors, Patient Activation, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, PHE: Public Health England, Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention of Dementia, Prevention of Dementia: Public Health England, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology: Boston University School of Medicine, Preventive Services, Protective Factors, Public Health, Public Health England (PHE), Public Health Promotion Campaigns, Risk Factors, Self-Care, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Smoking-Related Brain Changes, Socio-Environmental Risk Factors, Tobacco Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, Type 2 Diabetes, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, University of California, Vascular Risk Factors, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute: Boston University School of Medicine | Leave a comment

Quality Improvement Metrics: a New System For Measuring Whole System Performance (IHI)

Posted on December 3, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Analysts at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in the United States have developed an improved set of measures by which to assess the performance of health care organisations and health care systems. Their “Whole System Measures 2.0 (WSM … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, Commissioning, Community Care, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), Integrated Care, International, Local Interest, Person-Centred Care, Quick Insights, Standards, Statistics | Tagged Access, Access to Care, Access to Healthcare Services, Accountability, Accountability and Integration, Accountability in Health and Social Care, Accountable Care Organisations, Accountable Care Organisations (ACOs), Accountable Care Organisations (in United States and England), Accountable Financial Stewardship, Affordability, Affordability of Care, Avoidable Admissions, Avoidable Harm, Avoidable Hospital Admissions, Clinical Quality Dashboards, Community Wellbeing, Community Wellbeing and Health Equity, Corporate Accountability, Corporate Social Responsibility, Dashboards, Days to Third Next Available Appointment, Disparities in Infant Mortality Rates, Encouraging Healthy Behaviour, End-User Experience, Equity (Stratification of Whole System Measures), Experience of Care, Experience of Care Domain Measures, Financial Stewardship, Functional Health Outcomes Score, Governance and Accountability, Health Care Cost Per Capita, Health Care Costs, Health Care Workforce, Health Inequalities, Healthy Behaviour, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Lifestyles, Hospital Aquired Conditions, Hospital Days Per Decedent During Last Six Months of Life, Hospital Readmission Percentage, Hospital Standardized Mortality Ratio (HSMR), Hospital-Acquired Infections, IHI Innovation Series, IHI Triple Aim, IHI: Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Improving Patient Experience, Improving Population Health, Incidence of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Local Health and Care Economies, Local Health and Care Services, Local Health and Social Care Economies, Local Health and Wellbeing, Local Health Economies, Measuring Whole System Performance, Monitoring Health and Health Care, Mortality Rates, Obesity, Optimal Lifestyle Metrics, Overweight, Patient Experience, Patient Experience Score, Patient Harm, Patient Satisfaction with Care Score, Per Capita Cost of Care Domain Measures, Population Health, Population Health and Prevention, Population Health Domain Measures, Population Health Perspective, Population Health Systems, Population Healthcare, Preventable Adverse Events, Preventable Harm, Preventable Hospital Admissions, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Approaches, Quality Improvement, Quality Improvement Metrics, RAND Delphi Procedure, Rate of Adverse Events, Reducing Health Inequalities, Reliability of Core Measures, Serious Reportable Events (SREs), Social Responsibility, Societal Footprints, Toyota Specification, Triple Aim Initiative, Triple Aim: (1) Improved Health and Wellbeing (2) Redesigned Care and (3) Wise Financial Stewardship, Unadjusted Raw Mortality Percentage, United States, Unmet Care Needs, Unmet Health Needs, Unmet Needs, Unmet Needs of Family Carers, Unmet Social Care Needs, USA, User Experience, Vital Signs Measure, Whole System Dashboards, Whole System Measures 2.0 (WSM 2.0), Whole System Measures 2.0 IHI White Paper, Whole System Measures 2.0: White Paper (2016), Whole System Measures IHI White Paper (2007), Whole System Measures: White Paper (2007), Whole-System Approaches, Workforce Wellbeing | Leave a comment

Cognitive Health In Older Adults: Changing Unhealthy Lifestyles and Reducing Risk Factors (PHE)

Posted on November 28, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Public Health England (PHE) and the Cambridge Institute of Public Health have produced a summary of reviews which offer evidence to support the commissioning of interventions concerning a range of modifiable lifestyle risk factors / unhealthy behaviours in older … Continue reading →

Posted in Commissioning, Community Care, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), For Social Workers (mostly), Housing, Integrated Care, Local Interest, Management of Condition, Mental Health, Models of Dementia Care, National, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Nutrition, Person-Centred Care, Public Health England, Quick Insights, Statistics, Systematic Reviews, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Active Ageing, Agewell Trial, Alcohol, Alcohol and Drug Consumption, Alcohol Misuse, Barriers and Facilitators in Lifestyle Changes (Agewell Trial), Behaviour Change Opportunities, Behavioural Risk Factors, Behavioural Risk Factors and Dementia, Blackfriars Consensus Statement, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Institute of Public Health: University of Cambridge, Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), Cognitive Health In Older Adults, Cognitive Impairment (Potential Risk Factors), Cognitive Stimulation, Cognitive Training, Community Volunteering, Community-Based Volunteering, Culture and Behaviour Change, Dementia Risk Factors, Dementia Risk Prevention, Dementia Risk Reduction, Dementia Risk Reduction and Prevention, Dementia-Friendly Communities, Department of Public Health and Primary Care: Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Depression, Determinants of Health, Diabetes Epidemic, Diet, Diet and Dementia, Diet and Exercise, Dietary Interventions, Dietary Recommendations, Dietary Risk Factors, Diseases and Medical Conditions Associated With Dementia Risk, Education and Awareness, Encouraging Healthy Behaviour, Environmental Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Statistics, Ethnicity, Evidence Syntheses, Exergaming, Group Cognitive Activities, Health Determinants, Health Improvement, Health Inequalities, Health Policy, Health Wellbeing and Independence, Health-Creating Society, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Behaviours Evidence, Healthy Communities, Healthy Eating, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, High Blood Pressure, Improving Local Public Health, Improving Public Health, Interactive Video Gaming, Interventions to Increase Patient Activation, Investment in Dementia Prevention, Leisure Activities and Social Networks, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Meaningful Activity, Meaningful Activity and Occupation, Meaningful Activity in the Community, Meaningful Occupation, Meaningful Relationships, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Modifiable Risk Factors, Nicotine Replacement Therapy, Obesity is the New Smoking, Occupational Therapy, Overlapping Risk Factors, Patient Activation, Patient Empowerment, Patient Empowerment Movement, Patient Engagement, Patient Engagement Strategies, Patient Factors (Demand Side), Patient Involvement, PHE: Public Health England, Physical Activity, Physical Exercise, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention of Dementia, Prevention of Dementia: Public Health England, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Preventive Services, Promoting Brain Health (Blackfriars Consensus Statement), Protective Factors, Public Health, Public Health England (PHE), Public Health Promotion Campaigns, Risk Factors, Self-Care, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Smoking-Related Brain Changes, Socio-Environmental Risk Factors, Structured Health Promotion Courses, Supporting People to Manage Their Health, Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Tobacco Consumption, Tobacco Smoking, Type 2 Diabetes, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, Vascular Risk Factors, Volunteering | Leave a comment

Public Awareness of the Risk Factors for Dementia (PHE / NatCen / Alzheimer’s Society)

Posted on October 27, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary A survey commissioned by Public Health England (PHE) has identified patchy levels of awareness concerning the “known” dementia risk factors. Most British people, it appears, are able to identify at least one risk factor for increased risk of developing … Continue reading →

More on the Avoidable Costs of Lifestyle Risk Factors (BBC News / PHE / Lancet)

Posted on September 26, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary Public Health England (PHE) has estimated that health problems associated with unhealthy lifestyle practices – such as poor diet, obesity, physical inactivity, drinking and smoking – cost the NHS in England approximately £11 billion per year. A new approach … Continue reading →

Posted in BBC News, Commissioning, Community Care, For Carers (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), In the News, Integrated Care, Local Interest, National, NHS, Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Person-Centred Care, Public Health England, Quick Insights, Statistics, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged 2016 Local Health Profiles, Access to Green Spaces, Access to Rural Green Spaces, Access to Urban Green Spaces, Adult Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, Ageing and Society, Ageing Population, Allotment and Gardening Projects, Anti-Obesogenic Environments, Basic Cookery Skills (Healthy Eating), BBC Health News, Behavioural Risk Factors, Chris Askew: Chief Executive of Diabetes UK, Chronic Bronchitis, Commissioning for Maximum Value, Commissioning for Outcomes, Commissioning for Value, Dementia and Age-Friendly Neighbourhoods, Dementia Friendly Outdoor and Public Environments, Dementia Garden (Fleetwood), Dementia-Friendly Cities, Dementia-Friendly Communities, Dementia-Friendly Community Model, Dementia-Friendly Design, Dementia-Friendly Environmental Design, Dementia-Friendly Environments, Deprived Communities, Determinants of Health, Diabetes Epidemic, Diabetes Prevention, Diabetes Prevention Services, Dr Mark Spencer: Mount View Practice (Healthier Fleetwood Project), Dr Rebecca Wagstaff: PHE, Exercise, Exercise Regimens, Fast Food, Fast Food Consumption, Fast Food Outlets, Fast-Food-Free Zones, Fast-Food-Free Zones (Around Schools), Financial Sustainability in the NHS, Fleetwood, Fleetwood Town Football Club, Garden Areas, Gardening, Gardens and Health, Green Spaces, Health and Housing, Health Benefits of Green Space, Health Inequalities, Health Inequalities in England, Healthier Fleetwood (Case Study), Healthier Fleetwood Project, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Eating, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Healthy New Towns, Healthy New Towns Programme, Healthy Weight, Improving Access to Green Spaces, Improving Local Public Health, Integrated Prevention Approaches, Lancashire, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Lifestyle Weight Management, Local Action on Reducing Health Inequalities, Local Green Spaces, Local Health and Wellbeing, Local Health: Public Health England, Local Public Health, Local Public Health Services, Maintaining Healthy Weight and Preventing Excess Weight Gain Among Children and Adults, Manifesto for a Healthy and Health-Creating Society (Lancet), Obesity, Obesity - Burden of Ill-Health Links, Obesity and Diabetes, Obesity Epidemic, Obesity in the UK, Obesity is the New Smoking, Obesity Risk Factor, Obesogenic Environments, Office of National Statistics (ONS), Parks and Gardens, PHE: Public Health England, Physical Activity, Physical Activity and the Environment, Physical Activity Prescriptions, Physical Exercise, Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes, Preventing and Managing Demand, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Agenda Linking Dementia and Other Non-Communicable Diseases, Prevention Approaches, Professor Jonathan Valabhji: National Clinical Director for Obesity and Diabetes at NHS England, Protecting Resources and Promoting Value, Public Health, Public Health England (PHE), Redesigning Local Healthcare Systems, Reducing Demand (Treatment and Recovery), Reducing Downstream Spending (Prevention Public Health and Self-Care), Reducing Expenditure, Reducing Health Inequalities, Risk Factors, Smoking-Related Bronchitis, Social Determinants of Health (SDH), Social Determinants of Health Inequalities, Social Epidemiology, Social Prescribing, Social Wellbeing, Societal Determinants of Health, Socio-Economic Deprivation, Tithebarn (Lancashire), Type 2 Diabetes, Type 2 Diabetes: Prevention, Wasted Resources, Weight Management, Wellbeing, Willow Garden Project, Willow Garden Project (Fleetwood), Y-Active Project, York Health Economics Consortium | Leave a comment

Healthy Eating: Unhealthy Disagreements About the Causes of Obesity (BBC News / NHS Choices / NOF / PHC / PHE)

Posted on June 4, 2016 by Dementia and Elderly Care News

Summary An epic battle for hearts and minds appears to be underway, concerning the relative merits of alternative approaches to tackling obesity at the population level through diet and nutritional advice. The National Obesity Forum and the Public Health Collaboration … Continue reading →

Posted in Acute Hospitals, BBC News, Charitable Bodies, Community Care, For Doctors (mostly), For Nurses and Therapists (mostly), For Researchers (mostly), Guidelines, In the News, Integrated Care, International, National, NHS Digital (Previously NHS Choices), Non-Pharmacological Treatments, Nutrition, Patient Information, Practical Advice, Public Health England, Quick Insights, Royal College of Physicians, UK, Universal Interest | Tagged Adiposity, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, BBC Health News, Behavioural Risk Factors, Behavioural Risk Factors and Dementia, Behind the Headlines, Bergen Medical Research Foundation, Calorie-Focused Thinking, Cherry-Picking Studies (Allegation), Dementia Risk Factors, Dementia Risk Reduction, Department of Clinical Medicine: University of Bergen, Department of Heart Disease: Haukeland University Hospital, Dietary Choices, Dietary Factors, Dietetics, Dr Alison Tedstone: Public Health England, Dr Aseem Malhotra: Senior Adviser to the National Obesity Forum, Eat Fat Cut The Carbs (PHC / NOF), Eat More Fat Controversy, Eating and Drinking, Eating Well, Eatwell Guide and Eatwell Plate, Eatwell Guide For Healthy Eating, Eatwell Guide. Public Health England (PHE), Eatwell Plate, Eatwell Plate: External Reference Group Review, Epidemiology, Epidemiology and Statistics, Excess Energy Intake, Haukeland University Hospital, Health Policy, Healthy Ageing, Healthy Behaviours, Healthy Communities, Healthy Eating Dietary Guidelines for United Kingdom, Healthy Eating Guidelines (PHC / NOF), Healthy Eating Guidelines and Weight Loss Advice For the United Kingdom, Healthy Lifestyles, Healthy Living, Healthy Weight, Improving Dietary Habits, Integrated Prevention Approaches, Junk Food, KG Jebsen Centre for Diabetes Research, Life Course Approach, Life-Course Approach to Healthy and Active Ageing, Lifestyle, Lifestyle Intervention Programmes, Lifestyle Risk Factors, Low-Fat High-Carbohydrate (LFHC) Diet, Mainstream Dietary Guidance: Avoidance of Foods Based on Saturated Fat Content, Mainstream Dietary Guidance: Dietary Reference Value of No More Than 35% Total Fat, Mainstream Dietary Guidance: Recommended Quality and Quantity of Carbohydrates, Meltzerfondet, Metabolic Syndrome, Mixed Messages, Modifiable Risk Factors, Myth-Busting, National Advisory Committee on Nutritional Education (USA), National Obesity Forum, Non-Adherence to Systematic Review Methods (Allegation), Nutritional Epidemiology and Public Health, Obesity, Obesity and Diabetes, Obesity Epidemic, Obesity in the UK, Obesity Risk, Obesity Risk Factor, Obesity Statistics, Obesity Time-Bomb, Overlapping Risk Factors, PHC / NOF Advice to Avoid Snacking To Reverse Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes, PHE: Public Health England, Poor Dietary Advice (Allegations Reciprocal), Preventing Excess Weight Gain, Preventing Type 2 Diabetes, Prevention, Prevention Agenda, Prevention Agenda Linking Dementia and Other Non-Communicable Diseases, Prevention Approaches, Prevention of Dementia, Prevention Programmes, Preventive Care, Prof Simon Capewell: Faculty of Public Health, Professor David Haslam: Chairman of National Obesity Forum, Public Awareness, Public Health, Public Health Collaboration (PHC / NOF), Public Health Collaboration (PHC), Public Health Interventions, Real Food Lifestyle, Risk Factors, Royal Society for Public Health, SACN: Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (Successor to COMA), Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN), Staying Healthy for Longer, The Real Food Lifestyle (PHC / NOF), Tolerance of Ambiguity, Unhealthy Behaviours, Unhealthy Lifestyles, Unhealthy Living, University of Bergen, Very High-Fat Low-Carbohydrate (VHFLC) Diet, Weight Loss Advice For The United Kingdom (PHC / NOF), Western Norway Regional Health Authority, You Cannot Outrun a Bad Diet (Myth of Physical Inactivity and Obesity) | Leave a comment

Tag Archives: Lifestyle Intervention Programmes

Healthy Eating: Unhealthy Disagreements About the Causes of Obesity (BBC News / NHS Choices / NOF / PHC / PHE)

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